The basic optical measurements for teh characterization of solids and liquids are absorbance, transmittance, reflectance and fluorescence. All these measurements are performed with the same procedure (figure 1):

a) The broadband light emitted from the light source is guided to sample under analysis, through the transmission optical fiber

b) The interaction of the emitted light with the sample under characterization, that performs transformation of the original light spectrum,  

c) the acquisition of the transformed spectrum from the spectrometer, through the collection fiber system and

d) the analysis of the acquired light through the appropriate algorithms.

Due to the non linearity of the light source intensity vs. wavelength, and the spectrometer's detector background electronic noise, usually two more spectra are needed in addition to the measurement spectrum described above: i) the Reference Spectrum and ii) the Dark Spectrum.

Based on the acquired spectra and the measurement set-up configuration (please also refer to product and product/accessories section), the possible optical measurements with FR-tools and FR-Monitor software, are: